In Erikson's theory, which stage describes toddlers learning to control their bodies and temper, with 'NO' as a big word?

In Erikson's theory, which stage describes toddlers learning to control their bodies and temper, with 'NO' as a big word?

• A. Trust vs Mistrust
• B. Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt
• C. Initiative vs Guilt
• D. Industry vs Inferiority

Answer: (B)

In this stage, the focus is on toddlers gaining a sense of autonomy by learning to control their bodies and their impulses. Saying “no” is a key way they test boundaries and express independence, trying to do things for themselves like dressing, feeding, and choosing activities. When caregivers respond with support and safe guidance, the child develops autonomy and confidence in their own abilities. If limits are overly controlling or punishment is harsh, the child may begin to feel shame or doubt about what they can do, and become hesitant to act on their own. This contrasts with earlier trust-focused infancy, the later initiative stage where children start planning and initiating activities, and the school-age stage where building competence is central.

In this stage, the focus is on toddlers gaining a sense of autonomy by learning to control their bodies and their impulses. Saying “no” is a key way they test boundaries and express independence, trying to do things for themselves like dressing, feeding, and choosing activities. When caregivers respond with support and safe guidance, the child develops autonomy and confidence in their own abilities. If limits are overly controlling or punishment is harsh, the child may begin to feel shame or doubt about what they can do, and become hesitant to act on their own. This contrasts with earlier trust-focused infancy, the later initiative stage where children start planning and initiating activities, and the school-age stage where building competence is central.